Cable size for 10 A over 100 m, single-phase

For 10 A over 100 m on a 230 V single-phase supply, use at least 4 mm² (12 AWG) copper cable, protected by a 13 A breaker. Voltage drop: 4.9%.

Assumes copper cable clipped to a wall (or flexible battery cable for DC), 30 °C, PVC insulation. Change anything below.

The same current over other distances

Distance	Cable size	Voltage drop
10 m	1.5 mm² (16 AWG)	1.3%
20 m	1.5 mm² (16 AWG)	2.6%
30 m	1.5 mm² (16 AWG)	3.9%
50 m	2.5 mm² (14 AWG)	3.9%
100 m	4 mm² (12 AWG)	4.9%

4 mm²
12 AWG: 13 A
Breaker: 4.9%
Voltage drop: 111 m
3-core cable

Current at the end of the cableDistance (one way)m

VoltageV

How the cable runs

Use at least4 mm²12 AWG

Breaker13 A

Voltage drop4.9% · 11.25 V

Current10 A

Cable carries up to36 A

The distance decides this size: 1.5 mm² would stay cool enough, but over 100 m it loses too much voltage.

Cores

3 cores: line, neutral and earth

Which cable

Twin & Earth 6242Y (UK) or NYM-J (Europe)

Fixed wiring clipped to walls indoors.

H07RN-F (rubber, flexible)

Machines, workshops and anything that moves or vibrates.

Several circuits bundled together carry less each: allow for grouping (IEC 60364-5-52 Table B.52.17).
Check the earth fault loop impedance and the RCD protection required by your local rules.

Guidance based on IEC 60364-5-52 for copper cables. Always check against your local rules (BS 7671, NEC, NF C 15-100, RTIEBT…) and the cable maker’s data.

Planning a whole solar system?Describe it and we size every cable, fuse and part, with a wiring diagram.